Desenvolvimento de novas metodologias para a preparação de disselenetos orgânicos funcionalizados : aplicações sintéticas e biológicas

Abstract

No presente trabalho desenvolveram-se novas rotas sintéticas para a síntese de disselenetos orgânicos funcionalizados através de metodologias rápidas e simples. Inicialmente, foram preparados disselenetos de diarila/dialquila, por reação de acoplamento utilizando CuO nanoparticulado e sob irradiação de micro-ondas. As reações foram realizadas em um sistema one pot, pela mistura de iodetos de arila ou alquila, Se0, KOH, e CuOnano em DMSO. Os produtos foram obtidos em 52 a 94% de rendimento, em somente 7 min de reação. Por essa metodologia, também foram preparados diteluretos e dissulfetos orgânicos. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, foram preparados disselenetos de diarila, com a presença do grupo amino na posição orto do anel aromático, a partir de uma metodologia robusta e eficiente. Inicialmente, foram preparados disselenetos de o-bis-nitrobenzenos, via reação de subsituição nucelofílica aromática de o-halonitrobenzenos e uma espécie dinucleofílica de selênio (K2Se2), gerada pela reação de Se0 e KOH. Após, os nitrocompostos foram reduzidos com FeSO4.7H2O, levando a obtenção de uma série de disselenetos o-bis-anilinas em bons rendimentos. Por fim, os disselenetos de o-bis-anilinas foram avaliados quanto a sua atividade GPx-like, os quais apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, e empregados como materiais de partida para a preparação de compostos heterocíclicos contendo selênio.<br>

Abstract : In the present work, a fast and simple approach for the synthesis of a series of organic diselenides with high structural diversity was developed. In the first step the preparation of the organic diselenides was performed by microwave-assisted cross coupling reaction catalyzed by CuO nanoparticles. In this methodology, the reactions were carried out in one pot system by a mixture of aryl or alkyl iodides with elemental selenium in the presence of KOH and CuO nanoparticles in DMSO. This synthetic route afforded the desired diselenides 2a-l in 52 to 94 % yield in short reaction time. Furthermore, by using the same methodology the organic ditellurides 3a-f and disulfides 4a-f were prepared in moderated to good yields. In the second part of this work, functionalized organic diselenides with the indispensable presence of amino group in the orto position of aromatic ring were prepared. These compounds are difficult to obtain mainly in scale-up, but are important intermediates for the preparation of others compounds with useful synthetic and/or biologic proprieties. Initially, the o-bisnitrobenzene diselenides 6a-g was prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of o-halonitrobenzenes 5 with selenium nucleophilic specie (K2Se2), generated by the reaction of selenium and potassium hydroxide. Next, the o-bisnitrobenzene diselenides 6a-f were reduced to a series of o-bisaniline diselenides 7a-f using iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O), in good yields. The o-bis-aniline diselenides 7a-b were used as starting materials for the preparation of selenium heterocycle compounds. Thus, in preliminary studies it was observed that CuO nanoparticle-catalyzed the reaction of diselenides 7a-b with 2- bromo-1-iodobenzene giving of phenoselenazines 8a-b in moderated yields. In addition, the structure-activity relationships for o-bisaniline diselenides 7a-e was evaluated as a potential glutatione peroxidase mimetics. Noteworthy, it was observed that the diselenide 7c with electron donating group was the most active compound of the series 7a-e and it was four times more efficient than the Ebselen standard.