Comportamento sedentário, obesidade e incapacidade funcional em idosos comunitários: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2019

Abstract

Sedentary behavior (SB) and obesity are relevant public health concerns, although there are few researches analyzing the association of these conditions with disabilities in activities of daily living. Thus, this study investigated the association between obesity and SB typologies with disabilities in basic activities (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 22,728 elderly participants of the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. The outcomes were disabilities in BADL and IADL and the independent variables were different categories, including obesity, daily time of sedentary behavior watching television (SB TV), and daily time of sedentary behavior in leisure activities (SB leisure), which were analyzed separately and jointly. The SB TV (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14; 1.39), obesity (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07; 1.36), and SB TV + obesity (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.37; 1.75) were positively associated with disability in BALD, whereas SB TV (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.24; 1.54) and SB TV + obesity (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12; 1.40) were positively associated with disability in IADL. Nevertheless, isolated SB leisure was positively associated with the disability in BADL (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18; 1.39) and negatively with disability in IADL (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41; 0.76). In conclusion, SB TV alone or associated with obesity increased the odds of disabilities in both types (i.e., BADL and IADL). In contrast, isolated obesity only increased the odds of disability in BADL, and SB leisure alone only reduced the odds of disability in IADL.