Eficácia do espirômetro de incentivo para melhora da função dos músculos respiratórios e da capacidade funcional em idosos comunitários: protocolo de um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

With senescence, it is possible to observe changes in all physiological systems, including the respiratory system, which can demonstrate a reduction in the strength of the respiratory muscles, which can contribute to dyspnea and impair the functional capacity and quality of life of the elderly population. In this context, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with linear load is a modality most frequently used to improve the performance of these muscles. In turn, the use of the incentive spirometer (EI) has been used to promote IMT, however its effectiveness as a mode of IMT is not consolidated in the literature. Therefore, the main objective of this chosen clinical trial protocol will be to investigate the effectiveness of flow IE to improve the function of resistant muscles and functional capacity in community-dwelling elderly people. The protocol was improved according to the Standard Protocol Items for Randomized Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines. A prospective, open, parallel randomized clinical trial will be carried out. A convenience sampling will be carried out, of participants aged ≥ 60 years, who will be selective (allocation rate 1:1:1) to receive an IMT program through PowerBreathe®, or carry out EI flow or carry out IMT with minimal load (control group). The protocols will last eight weeks, with intensity progression for the first two groups. A blinded assessor will perform outcome measures at baseline and after interventions. The following will be considered as primary stages: respiratory muscle strength, mobility and diaphragmatic thickness and exercise capacity. And, as secondary stages: lung function, physical performance and satisfaction with the subjects. For data analysis, a factorial combination ANOVA (3x2) will be used and an intention-to-treat analysis will be considered. Additionally, effect sizes will be calculated.