Cultivo de girassol sob a perspectiva da agroenergia: uma análise dos produtores familiares assentados de Abelardo Luz-SC

Abstract

O aumento da demanda por energia renovável e a pressão sobre o uso dos combustíveis fósseis tornou-se a principal temática dos últimos anos, num momento em que indicadores apontam para um aumento no consumo de energia e, conseqüentemente, para maiores emissões de poluentes que provocam alterações no clima. Entre as fontes renováveis de energia com destaque está a biomassa, com enorme potencial para a produção de matériaprima e geração de emprego. As recentes políticas governamentais, aliado a pesquisa e demanda dos consumidores tem auxiliado a inserção da agricultura familiar neste importante mercado, e dessa forma, este segmento tem ocupando espaço no fornecimento de matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel. Este trabalho analisa a produção de girassol pelos agricultores familiares assentados de Abelardo Luz - SC e a industrialização dos grãos pela Cooperativa Coopeal, numa estratégia de fortalecimento dos arranjos produtivos locais e a inserção dos atores locais na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel. Para isto, neste trabalho são discutidos aspectos relacionados aos atores sociais envolvidos, aspectos agronômicos e econômicos do cultivo e industrialização do girassol. Os resultados apontam que o girassol não tem substituído ás culturas principais, ocupando uma posição marginal nas propriedades. Sob o aspecto agronômico, a maior limitação de produção está relacionada a espaçamento inadequado, formação de stand, adubação e época de semeadura. Do ponto de vista econômico, a incorporação da cultura do girassol como uma safra adicional, dentro dos sistemas de produção vigentes, permitiu aumento de receita ás famílias, sendo que a participação do girassol na formação desta renda para o grupo entrevistado variou de 2,56% a 55%. Quanto à industrialização do girassol, momentaneamente vender o óleo a granel é a opção mais sensata, pois com a atual escala de produção os custos com embalagens e logística praticamente inviabilizam a atividade. Atualmente, a comercialização da torta de girassol pela Coopeal amortiza em 47,68% das despesas com a aquisição do grão, sendo este o elemento central para a viabilidade da industrialização do girassol. Os benefícios decorrentes da inserção dos agricultores familiares assentados nos sistemas de produção que envolvem o cultivo do girassol refletem-se na oportunidade de diversificar renda, otimizando o uso dos solos e mão-deobra, podendo trazer importantes benefícios ao ambiente através do uso deste como fonte energética. The increase of demand for renewable energy and pressure on the use of fossil fuels has become the main theme of recent years, a time when indicators point to an increase in energy consumption and, consequently, to higher emissions of pollutants that cause changes on climate. Among renewable energy sources on evidence is the biomass, with enormous potential for the production of raw materials and generation of employment. Recent government policies, combined with research and consumer demand has helped the integration of family farming in this important market, and thus, this segment is occupying space in the supply of raw material for production of biodiesel. This work examines the production of sunflower seeds by farmers settlers from Abelardo Luz and industrialization of the grain by cooperative Coopeal, a strategy of strengthening local productive arrangements and integration of local actors in the production chain of biodiesel. For this, this paper discusses issues related to social actors involved, agronomic and economic aspects of cultivation and industrialization of the sunflower. The results indicate that the sunflower has not replaced the main crop, occupying a marginal position in the properties. Under the agronomic aspect, the greatest limitation of production is related to inadequate spacing, formation of "stand", fertilization and sowing date. From an economic perspective, the incorporation of the culture of the sunflower as an additional crop within the existing production systems, has increased income to families, with the share of the sunflower in the income formation of the group interviewed ranging from 2.56 % to 55%. As the industrialization of the sunflower, at the moment, selling the oil in bulk is the most sensible option, because with the current scale of production the costs for packaging and logistics practically prevents the activity. Currently, the marketing of sunflower pie by Coopeal depreciates in 47.68% the costs of acquiring the grain, which is the central element in the viability of sunflower industrialization. The benefits of integration of farmers settled in production systems involving the cultivation of sunflower reflect on the opportunity to diversify income, optimizing the use of land and labor, this can bring important benefits to the environment through the use of this crop as an energy source.

The increase of demand for renewable energy and pressure on the use of fossil fuels has become the main theme of recent years, a time when indicators point to an increase in energy consumption and, consequently, to higher emissions of pollutants that cause changes on climate. Among renewable energy sources on evidence is the biomass, with enormous potential for the production of raw materials and generation of employment. Recent government policies, combined with research and consumer demand has helped the integration of family farming in this important market, and thus, this segment is occupying space in the supply of raw material for production of biodiesel. This work examines the production of sunflower seeds by farmers settlers from Abelardo Luz and industrialization of the grain by cooperative Coopeal, a strategy of strengthening local productive arrangements and integration of local actors in the production chain of biodiesel. For this, this paper discusses issues related to social actors involved, agronomic and economic aspects of cultivation and industrialization of the sunflower. The results indicate that the sunflower has not replaced the main crop, occupying a marginal position in the properties. Under the agronomic aspect, the greatest limitation of production is related to inadequate spacing, formation of "stand", fertilization and sowing date. From an economic perspective, the incorporation of the culture of the sunflower as an additional crop within the existing production systems, has increased income to families, with the share of the sunflower in the income formation of the group interviewed ranging from 2.56 % to 55%. As the industrialization of the sunflower, at the moment, selling the oil in bulk is the most sensible option, because with the current scale of production the costs for packaging and logistics practically prevents the activity. Currently, the marketing of sunflower pie by Coopeal depreciates in 47.68% the costs of acquiring the grain, which is the central element in the viability of sunflower industrialization. The benefits of integration of farmers settled in production systems involving the cultivation of sunflower reflect on the opportunity to diversify income, optimizing the use of land and labor, this can bring important benefits to the environment through the use of this crop as an energy source.